We are often asked if stucco and plaster are the same thing, and if plaster and exterior insulation finishing systems (EIFS) are the same thing. Short answer is no, but deserves an explanation to understand the differences.
Plaster is the general term for material that is applied to a wall surface in a thin layer. Portland cement-based plaster is such a material, and uses portland cement as the binder. It is often called “traditional stucco.” Stucco is a somewhat colloquial term for portland cement plaster, and most people consider it to refer to an exterior, not interior, finish. Exterior insulation and finish system is sometimes (incorrectly) called “synthetic” stucco. To further complicate matters, “plastering” is the verb that describes the action of applying these various materials to a wall surface.
Portland cement plaster is applied either by hand or machine to exterior and interior wall surfaces, usually in three coats. It may be applied directly to a solid base like concrete walls, or it can be applied to metal lath attached to frame construction, solid masonry, or concrete construction. Applied directly to concrete, portland cement plaster provides a tough ½-inch thick facing that is integrally bonded to the substrate. When applied to metal lath, three coats of plaster form a 7/8-inch total thickness. A vapor permeable, water-resistant building paper separates the plaster and lath from water-sensitive sheathing or framing. Portland cement plaster has high impact resistance and sheds water, but breathes, allowing water vapor to escape. It’s a proven system that works.
Exterior insulation finishing systems (EIFS) consist of a polymer-based laminate that is wet applied, usually in two coats, to rigid insulation board that is fastened to the wall with adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both. Polymer based (PB) systems, sometimes known as thin coat, soft coat, or flexible finishes, are the most common. The basecoat for polymer based systems is usually 1/16-inch thick and finish coat thickness is typically no thicker than the maximum sand particle size in the finish coat.
Clearly, portland cement plaster should not be confused with the exterior insulation and finish systems. The systems may share similarities in application techniques and final appearance, but the systems do perform differently and you should make your selection based on your specific needs. Best advice, give Blaine or Darren a call and they will be happy to discuss your options based on your specific needs.